How to Create a Frequency Distribution Table in Excel

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Watch: frequency tables in 10 minutes

Prefer reading? The same steps are written out below the video.

Step-by-step

A frequency table puts your data into buckets, for example how many students scored 90–100, how many 80–89, and so on. It’s a quick way to get to know a data set and the basis for a histogram. The example has 221 exam scores in column C, all whole numbers.

Method 1: the FREQUENCY function

Set up the bins. Each bin is the top of its bucket: 100 for the A range (90–100), 89 for B (80–89), 79, 69 and 59. Put them in L4:L8.

Enter the formula. In M4, type:

=FREQUENCY(C2:C222,L4:L8)

Adjust C2:C222 to your data. FREQUENCY asks for the data array and the bin array. In older versions of Excel, confirm with Ctrl+Shift+Enter because it’s an array formula. Newer versions spill the results automatically.

Read the results. You get one count per bin, plus one extra value at the end. That extra cell counts anything above your highest bin (here, any score over 100), so a zero confirms nothing fell outside your ranges. To double-check, sum the results: they should add up to 221.

Method 2: COUNTIFS (cleaner to read)

FREQUENCY works, but the bins can look confusing. COUNTIFS lets you state each range’s lower and upper limit directly. Note it’s COUNTIFS, because you’re checking two conditions.

For the 90–100 range:

=COUNTIFS(C2:C222,">=90",C2:C222,"<=100")

Copy it down and change the limits for each grade: 80 to 89, 70 to 79, 60 to 69, and 0 to 59. The counts match the FREQUENCY results, and summing them again gives 221.

Finish it as a table

Click inside your frequency table and press Ctrl+T to turn it into an Excel table, then rename the headers to something like Grade range and Number of exams.

Go further

My Excel Statistics & Data Analysis: Zero to Analyst course teaches real statistics in Excel without the maths degree.